Inflammation of the bladder has an infectious nature and causes a number of unpleasant symptoms, among which we can distinguish stretching pain over the pubis, frequent but unproductive urination, and blood impurities in the urine. The bladder in women needs more frequent emptying than in men. The organ is vulnerable to the attacks of viruses and bacteria. Clinical manifestations in each person may differ, it depends on a number of factors: process localization, pathogen, nature of the disease, severity. What leads to the appearance of cystitis, how does it manifest, what threatens and how to fight it correctly?
Causes of cystitis in women
Most often, the cause of the disease is microorganisms, which are the natural inhabitants of our body, for example, this applies to E. coli. Conditionally pathogenic microflora is under the control of immunity, which controls the growth and number of microorganisms. If, under the influence of certain factors in the operation of the immune system, a failure occurs, conditionally pathogenic flora may get out of control and lead to an inflammatory reaction.
Women are vulnerable to cysts because of these reasons:
- close location of the vagina and anus;
- The urethra is wide and short.
There are several ways to penetrate pathogens into the bladder cavity:
- ascending. Infection penetrated from the urethra;
- descending. Microorganisms penetrated from the kidneys;
- lymphogenous. Pathogens spread from the pelvic organs;
- Hematogenic. This method is quite rare. This means that the infection has come with a blood flow from some organ.
Although most often cystitis appears against the background of other diseases, in some cases the disease can develop in the form of an isolated process. The reason for this can be the following factors:
- violation of the rules of intimate hygiene;
- chronic constipation;
- avitaminosis;
- bearing a child and labor;
- surgical intervention on the urinary bodies;
- colds, hypothermia, sitting on the cold surface;
- errors in nutrition, in particular, abuse of salt food;
- the randomness of sexual activity, a frequent change in partners;
- kidney diseases;
- hormonal imbalance;
- diseases that contribute to the weakening of immunity;
- injury;
- Wearing compressive synthetic underwear.
More often cystitis is a complication of such diseases:
- bacterial vaginosis;
- candidiasis vaginitis;
- Sexual diseases: gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureapaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis.
Sometimes even taking medications, in particular, cytostatics, provokes inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. Sometimes even an allergic reaction can serve as a trigger mechanism for inflammation.
The first signs of cystitis in women
At the very beginning of the disease, the first sign of cystitis in women is a change in urine color. It acquires a specific smell and is cloudy. Calls to urination are also becoming more frequent. The process of urination itself is accompanied by unpleasant sensations: discomfort or burning. The temperature may rise, but this is not a mandatory sign.
One way or another, at the first signs of cystitis, a woman needs to worry and engage in the treatment of the disease.
Types of cystitis in women
Depending on the nature of the course of inflammation, the disease can be of two types:
- acute cystitis;
- Chronic cystitis.
Cystitis differs in arising morphological changes:
- catarrhal;
- ulcerative;
- cystic;
- hemorrhagic;
- ulcerative and others.
Depending on the etiological factor, the disease is bacterial, viral, fungal and not bacterial. The following bacteria can cause the appearance of cystitis:
- E. coli;
- gonorrhea;
- ureaplasma;
- mycobacteria;
- staphylococcus or streptococcus;
- mycoplasma.
Not bacterial cystitis, in turn, is divided into:
- allergic;
- medication;
- chemical;
- ray;
- toxic.
Symptoms of cystitis in women
Most often, cystitis in women begins sharply and suddenly with the appearance of such signs:
- frequent urge to urination;
- pain, rubber, burning;
- involuntary urinary incontinence;
- the desire to empty the bladder at night;
- During urination, the woman makes a lot of effort and pushes;
- Pain occurs in the area of pubis and perineum. Sometimes they acquire an unbearable cutting in nature;
- hyperthermia;
- deterioration of general well -being, weakness;
- Urina acquires a muddy color of a purulent nature;
- hematuria.
Cystitis complications in women
The complications of cystitis include:
- hematuria. In some cases, bleeding may develop;
- Interstitial cystitis. The bladder is wrinkled, reduced in size and its functional activity is seriously violated;
- Pyelonephritis. The spread of the infectious process along the ascending paths can threaten the appearance of inflammatory reactions of renal structures.
Cystitis with blood in women
Normally, urine has a light yellow color. Hematuria can cause a decrease in the tone of the muscle tissue of the bladder, a violation of blood circulation or the inability to empty the bladder over a long period of time. According to statistics, cystitis in 60% of cases goes into a chronic form. The main mistake is tightening! The sooner the treatment of cystitis begin, the better.
The presence of hematuria may indicate the development of cystitis forms that pose a threat to the patient's life:
- hemorrhagic. The walls of blood vessels are affected, they become brittle. Most often occurs with the introduction of adenovirus or fungus, as well as in the form of a complication of radiation disease;
- gangrenous. In fact, the tissue of the bladder dies. Gangrenous cystitis is dangerous by the development of blood poisoning. The reason for this condition can be some drugs or the presence of a foreign body;
- ulcerative. Associated with the radial effect on the tumor process. Often there are abundant bleeding that threaten death.
Cystitis with blood is accompanied by the appearance of such symptoms:
- false urination;
- The pain becomes so unbearable that a woman takes analgesics;
- Fighting pain in the lower abdomen is deprived of sleep and rest;
- a sharp increase in temperature;
- Spontaneous urination.
There are several types of hematuria:
- Microgematuria. Blood discharge is insignificant. Patients may not even notice this, but blood is detected in a laboratory examination. Most often, microgematuria indicates either at the beginning of the inflammatory process or the exacerbation of chronic cystitis. Sometimes the symptom indicates the presence of injuries in the genitourinary sphere;
- Macrohematuria. Bleeding becomes plentiful in nature, which cannot be noticed. Urina becomes scarlet.
Be that as it may, the appearance of blood in the urine is a symptom indicating the presence of a serious violation, so it is extremely important to consult a specialist. Hematuria is dangerous to the occurrence of such complications:
- transmission of other types of infection;
- violation of the balance of microflora;
- the development of diseases of the urinary system, in particular, urethritis;
- Blood clots can clog the urinary channels, making urine highlighting it;
- stretching and damage to the walls of the bladder;
- urine incontinence;
- Chronization of the process.
Diagnosis of cystitis in women
The diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory data, as well as echoscopy and endoscopy. Palpator examination of the supranel region is extremely painful.
In the general urine analysis, an increased content of red blood cells and leukocytes was found, there is protein, mucus, bacteria. Bacteriological sowing of urine is characterized by abundant growth of pathogens.
Be sure to conduct an ultrasound of the bladder. Cystoscopy allows you to identify the morphological form of organ damage, as well as identify calculi. Foreign bodies and neoplasms.
Treatment of cystitis in women
Cystitis requires an integrated approach to its treatment. When taking tablets, unpleasant symptoms can pass in a few days, but the infection can hide and at the right time "show your teeth".
Taking pills from cystitis should be combined with dietary nutrition. The essence of the diet is to create gentle conditions for the patient. Do not irritate the inflamed mucous membrane of the bladder of acute, salty, pickled food, and especially alcohol.
But drinking liquid should be as much as possible. Thus, you contribute to the excretion of pathogenic microflora and make a urine, which will be less annoyed by the inflamed organ.
The basic principles of treatment of cystitis in women include the following:
- the fight against the infectious process;
- relief of an inflammatory reaction;
- removal of pain;
- strengthening immunity;
- Sparing diet and plentiful drink.
Cystitis drugs in women
You can forget about cystitis using such groups of medicines:
- antibacterial;
- antispasmodic;
- probiotics;
- non -steroidal anti -inflammatory;
- phytopreparations.
Antibiotics
The doctor is engaged in the selection of the antibiotic after receiving the data of bacteriological sowing of urine and identifying drug sensitivity. It is important to undergo an antibiotic therapy to the end, otherwise the disease can recur after some time.
Phytopreparations
The healing effect of medicinal herbs is difficult to overestimate. If earlier women collected, dried and insisted herbs, then in our time there is no urgent need for this, because ready -made herbal preparations are sold in pharmacies.
Phytotherapy is not mono -aging, but are used in combination with antimicrobials. They enhance the therapeutic effect of antibiotics, and also reduce the risks of adverse reactions.
Home treatment
Sometimes a visit to the doctor in the near future is not possible. These are exceptional cases, in all other cases, when the first symptoms appear, it is important to consult a specialist.
At home, you can cure cystitis in a mild form, provided that the disease is not accompanied by pain and hematuria. But even in this case, it is important to undergo an examination and consult a urologist.
It is extremely important for women to observe bed rest. The female body should not be overwork, it should have the strength to fight the disease.
Folk treatment
Non -traditional recipes allow you to cure cystitis without harm to their health. They are used as an addition to the main drug therapy and are used with the consent of the doctor. Among the folk recipes from cystitis in women are the most common:
- Sitting baths. As a basis, you can take flowers of pharmacy chamomile. The plant has anti -inflammatory properties, which will help relieve symptoms of the disease. The plant is poured with boiling water and allowed to brew. After the decoction is filtered, it is added to the basin with water. After the procedure, you should wrap and lie down;
- cranberry. Cranberry juice will help eliminate the first symptoms of cystitis, but this is subject to the primary manifestations of a weakly expressed disease;
- Decoctions of medicinal herbs. The collection can be purchased with a pharmacy or prepared independently from such ingredients: echinacea, mint, St. John's wort, corn stigmas, pine buds, bear border, flax seeds, chamomile, field horsetail, eucalyptus. Such a collection has an antimicrobial and anti -inflammatory effect.
Cystitis prevention in women
Simple recommendations below will help prevent the appearance of the disease:
- Ideally, there should be one sexual partner. In case of random connections, it is necessary to use condoms;
- Prheardly compliance with hygiene rules. It is best to use soap with a neutral acid-base balance;
- Emphasize the bladder in a timely manner, do not tolerate;
- Try not to hypothermia, dress in the weather, do not sit on the cold;
- Drink natural water in sufficient quantities;
- Do not wear too tight clothes. Things are laundry for special occasions, but not for daily wearing;
- Follow your diet, do not allow constipation. Eat food containing fiber, lactic acid bacteria. Kurag, prunes, fresh cabbage have a laxative effect.
Conclusion
Cystitis in women is a serious infectious and inflammatory ailment that delivers huge discomfort. The disease worsens the quality of life and hurts. Cystitis threatens the occurrence of serious complications, sometimes even pose a danger to the patient's life. An unexplored disease leads to the spread of the infectious process and the transition of the pathology to a chronic form.
Diagnosis is the first stage of the therapeutic process for cystitis in women. Self-diagnosis can lead to a false path, which is why you will lose precious time. The treatment of cystitis is engaged in a urologist. It includes drug therapy, folk treatment and dietary nutrition. Follow all medical recommendations, do not forget about prevention, and be healthy!